Zygmunt Klukowski (23 January 1885 – 1959) was a Polish

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the stu ...

, and

bibliophile Bibliophilia or bibliophilism is the love of books. A bibliophile or bookworm is an individual who loves and frequently reads and/or collects books. Profile The classic bibliophile is one who loves to read, admire and collect books, often ama ...

. Born in 1885 in

Odessa Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...

, he spent much of his life in

Szczebrzeszyn Szczebrzeszyn (; yi, שעברעשין, Shebreshin; uk, Щебрешин, Shchebreshyn) is a city in southeastern Poland in Lublin Voivodeship, in Zamość County, about 20km west of Zamość. From 1975–1999, it was part of the Zamość Voivo ...

. During World War II, he served in

occupied Poland ' (Norwegian: ') is a Norwegian political thriller TV series that premiered on TV2 on 5 October 2015. Based on an original idea by Jo Nesbø, the series is co-created with Karianne Lund and Erik Skjoldbjærg. Season 2 premiered on 10 October 2 ...

as officer of the underground resistance organizations, including

Związek Walki Zbrojnej Związek Walki Zbrojnej (abbreviation: ''ZWZ''; Union of Armed Struggle;Thus rendered in Norman Davies, ''God's Playground: A History of Poland'', vol. II, p. 464. also translated as ''Union for Armed Struggle'', ''Association of Armed Struggl ...

, and

Armia Krajowa The Home Army ( pl, Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK; ) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) esta ...

. In the

interwar Poland The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of the First World ...

Klukowski was the

editor-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ...

of two magazines, ''Teka Zamojska'' and ''Kwartalnik Regionalny'' in

Zamość Zamość (; yi, זאמאשטש, Zamoshtsh; la, Zamoscia) is a historical city in southeastern Poland. It is situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship, about from Lublin, from Warsaw. In 2021, the population of Zamość was 62,021. ...

. Following World War II, he wrote two nominal works about his experiences, the ''Journal from the Years of Occupation of Zamojszczyzna, 1939–44'' ( pl, Dziennik z lat okupacji Zamojszczyzny 1939–1944), a detailed account of his experiences as medical doctor in the

General Government The General Government (german: Generalgouvernement, pl, Generalne Gubernatorstwo, uk, Генеральна губернія), also referred to as the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (german: Generalgouvernement für die be ...

territory of occupied Poland during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, as well as the ''Red Shadow: A Physician's Memoir of the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

Occupation of Eastern Poland, 1944–1956.'' These accounts were not published in

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

until 1993 and 1997 respectively. Only recently Klukowski has gained international recognition as an important primary witness and chronicler of the World War Two period in Polish historiography. His descriptions of life under the Nazis are cited extensively by

Richard J. Evans Sir Richard John Evans (born 29 September 1947) is a British historian of 19th- and 20th-century Europe with a focus on Germany. He is the author of eighteen books, including his three-volume ''The Third Reich Trilogy'' (2003–2008). Evans was ...

in ''

The Third Reich at War ''The Third Reich'' Trilogy is a series of three narrative history books by British historian Richard J. Evans, covering the rise and collapse of Nazi Germany in detail, with a focus on the internal politics and the decision-making process. The th ...

'', among other historians.Official website. Zygmunt Klukowski. Introduction.
Excerpts from

' Internet Archive. Retrieved 25 August 2015.

Publications (1925–2007)

* ''Organizacja pomocy lekarskiej dla włościan w Ordynacji Nieświeskiej książąt Radziwiłłów w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku'',

Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John ...

1925. * ''Lekarze jako dowódcy oddziałów powstańczych w 1863 roku'',

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

1926. * ''Lekarze w powstaniu 1863 r. polegli w boju, zamordowani i straceni z wyroków sądu'' (Lecture, 15 July 1925, Warsaw, II Zjazd Historyków Medycyny), Poznań 1926. * ''Opis dżumy w Lublinie w roku 1625'', Poznań 1926. * ''Dawne Szkoły im. Zamoyskich w Szczebrzeszynie 1811–1852'',

1927. * ''Instrukcja dla lekarzy polowych w powstaniu 1863 roku'', Warsaw 1937. * ''Dzieje Fundacji Szkolnej im. Zamoyskich w Zamościu i Szczebrzeszynie'', „Teka Zamojska” z 1938 nr 3. * ''Pieśni oddziałów partyzanckich Zamojszczyzny (pen-name „Podwiński”)'', 1944. * ''Terror niemiecki w Zamojszczyźnie 1939–1944'', Zamość 1945. * ''Wysiedlenie Szczebrzeszyna i utworzenie gminy niemieckiej'', Zamość 1945. * ''Niemcy i Zamojszczyzna 1939–1944'', Zamość 1946. * ''Zamojszczyzna w walce z Niemcami 1939–1944'', Zamość 1946. * ''Dywersja w Zamojszczyźnie 1939–1944'', Zamość 1947. * ''The evictions of Poles by the Germans from the Zamosc area. German Crimes in Poland'', Warsaw 1947. * ''Dziennik z lat okupacji Zamojszczyzny 1939–1944'',

Lublin Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the center of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339 (December 2021). Lublin is the largest Polish city east of t ...

1958, 1959. * ''Dziennik 1944–1955'', Lublin 1990. * ''Walki oddziałów ZWZ – AK i BCH Inspektoratu Zamojskiego w latach wojny 1939–1944'', t. II (coauthors: A. Glińska i J. Jóźwiakowski), Lublin 1990. * ''W przyfrontowym miasteczku'', „Tygodnik Zamojski”, 1990 nr 41. * ''Zamojszczyzna'' I. ''1918–1943'', II. ''1944–1953'', Wydawnictwo KARTA, Warsaw 2007.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Klukowski, Zygmunt 1885 births 1959 deaths Physicians from Odesa 20th-century Polish physicians 20th-century Polish historians Polish male non-fiction writers People from Szczebrzeszyn

Publications (1925–2007)

See also

References